France
| French Republic
République française (French)
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|---|---|
Anthem: "La Marseillaise"
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| Capital and largest city | Paris 48°51′N 2°21′E |
| Official language and national language | French[I] |
| Nationality (2010) | |
| Religion (2016) |
|
| Demonym | French |
| Government | Unitary senatorialsemi‑presidentialrepublic |
| Emmanuel Macron | |
| Édouard Philippe | |
| Gérard Larcher | |
| François de Rugy | |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| National Assembly | |
| Establishment | |
• Francia unified
| 486 |
| August 843 | |
| 22 September 1792 | |
| 1 January 1958 | |
| 4 October 1958 | |
| Area | |
• Total
| 640,679 km2(247,368 sq mi) |
• Metropolitan France (IGN)
| 551,695 km2(213,011 sq mi) |
• Metropolitan France (Cadastre)
| 543,940.9 km2(210,016.8 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• October 2017 estimate
|  67,158,000[5](21st) |
• Density
| 104/km2 (270/sq mi) (106th) |
• Metropolitan France October 2017 estimate
| 65,017,000[6](22nd) |
• Density
| 116/km2(300.4/sq mi) (89th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2017 estimate |
• Total
| $2.833 trillion[7](10th) |
• Per capita
| $42,314[7] (26th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 estimate |
• Total
| $2.463 trillion[7] (6th) |
• Per capita
| $38,577[7] (22nd) |
| Gini (2013) | 30.1[8] medium |
| HDI (2015) | 0.897[9] very high · 21st |
| Currency | |
| Time zone | Central European Time (UTC+1) |
• Summer (DST)
| Central European Summer Time[X] |
| Note: various other time zones are observed in overseas France.[IX] | |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (AD) |
| Drives on the | right |
| Calling code | +33[XI] |
| ISO 3166 code | FR |
| Internet TLD | .fr[XII] |
Source gives area of metropolitan France as 551,500 km2 (212,900 sq mi) and lists overseas regions separately, whose areas sum to 89,179 km2(34,432 sq mi). Adding these give the total shown here for the entire French Republic. The CIA reports the total as 643,801 km2 (248,573 sq mi).
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France (French IPA: [fʁɑ̃s]), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.[XIII] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. The country's 18 integral regions (5 of which are situated overseas) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres (248,573 sq mi) which, as of October 2017, has a population of 67.15 million people.[10] France is a unitary semi-presidential republicwith its capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.
During the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. Rome annexed the area in 51 BCE, which held the region until 486, when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France. France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages following its victory in the Hundred Years' War (1337 to 1453). During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established, which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world.[11] The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). France became Europe's dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV.[12] In the late 18th century, the French Revolutionoverthrew the absolute monarchy, established one of modern history's earliest republics, and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day.
In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. France was a major participant in World War I, from which it emerged victorious, and was one of the Allied Powers in World War II, but came under occupation by the Axis powers in 1940. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War. The Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France.
France has long been a global centre of art, science, and philosophy. It hosts Europe's third-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, the most of any country in the world.[13] France is a developed country with the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP[14] and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity.[15] In terms of aggregate household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world.[16] France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, and human development.[17][18] France remains a great power in the world,[19] being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone.[20] It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and La Francophonie.
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